Department of English Language

 and Literature, Hazara University, 

Mansehra.


 


Objectification refers to the act of despising another person's dignity. It comes from the word object which is seen as a tool. The objectification of women, therefore, implies showing them as objects lacking dignity and honour. This study assesses how women were targeted in Nathaniel's Rappaccini's Daughter. Nathaniel's Daughter of Rappaccini portrayed women as the centre of the execution of unworthy acts. However, the objectification of women in this novel has contributed to the development of the plot of the story as well as building on the traits of some characters.

Beatrice is the representation of women in Rappaccini’s Daughter. She is misused by her father who is a professor and does experiments with poisons. Rappaccini, the father of Beatrice, uses her as a tool to carry out the experiment. Most of Beatrice’s time is spent in the garden where there are plenty of flowers which she has eventually developed love towards. The flowers are poisonous. Beatrice despite her beauty becomes like one of those flowers in the garden, and her father is less concerned about her life. Rappaccini tortured Beatrice by forging the means to place her in the garden because she is a woman. This is a representation of how the female gender is despised. They are only observed as the tools for experiment thus depriving them the human dignity. Although Rappaccini is observed as a learned professor who does not respect human rights like science, he is being biased on gender. He intends to use women as the centre of the experiment which is poisonous. He lacks the shreds of tenderness to the female gender since he observes them as not being different from the objects of his experiment. Although this Hawthorne’s story is a moral fable, he uses a woman to represent the tool of a poisonous experiment. Rappaccini regards Beatrice as one of the poisonous plants in the garden. This is a depiction of how males are underrating females in the novel.  Rappaccini uses Beatrice to reach out to other men. He realizes that his daughter is beautiful and therefore, she can be used to carryout out his poisonous experiment extensively by engaging other people. In this case, she uses her daughter as a tool to attract men to the field so that they can also inhale the poison. Rappaccini’s daughter is able to capture the attention of Giovanni who is very new in that society. Giovanni is a guy who had just arrived in Padua, and after observing through the window of the house, he was able to spot a beautiful land that was full of flowers. He later recognizes the presence of a beautiful woman in the garden. After discovering the path that will lead him to this lady, Giovanni does not hesitate but follows the way to meet the girl who eventually infects him with a dangerous poison that has been set up by professor Rappaccini. Beatrice in this novel is depicted as a dangerous object that easily kills. Her beauty is central in attracting men who are lured into the death trap as in the case of Giovanni. It is her father who had designed this poison, and he recognized Beatrice as a strategic “tool” to carry out the mission of poisoning. Her appearance is elegant, and that is why Giovanni is easily infatuated with her. It can thus be argued that Beatrice is being used as a tool of poison which is instituted by a man to attract other people, and this consequently helps Rappaccini to fulfil the mission of his experiment. 

 

In Rappaccini's Daughter, Rappacccini is the beneficiary of the objectification of Beatrice. He ensures that her daughter is placed in the garden to act as the centre of drawing the attention of men and other interested parties who may be captivated by her looks. She attracts Giovanni, and consequently, he poisons him with the Rappaccini’s poison that she possesses. This is an illustration of how men despise women, and they are ready to sacrifice them as core to achieving their desired needs.

Rappaccini's Daughter shows women as a simple tool that is easily manipulated for personal gain. The objectification of women is a representation of the lack of honour in their lives.

 

“Thou, -- dost thou pray?” cried Giovanni, still with the same fiendish scorn. “Thy very prayers, as they come from thy lips, taint the atmosphere with death. Yes, yes; let us pray! Let us to church and dip our fingers in the holy water at the portal! They that come after us will perish as by a pestilence! Let us sign crosses in the air! It will be scattering curses abroad in the likeness of holy symbols!”
― 
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rappaccini's Daughter

 

"'And must I believe all that I have seen with my own eyes?' asked Giovanni pointedly, while the recollection of former scenes made him shrink."

 ― Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rappaccini's Daughter

 

"Miserable! ... What mean you, foolish girl? Dost thou deem it misery to be endowed with marvellous gifts, against which no power nor strength could avail an enemy? Misery, to be able to quell the mightiest with a breath? Misery, to be as terrible as thou art beautiful? Woudst thou, then, have preferred the condition of a weak woman, exposed to all evil and capable of none?"

― Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rappaccini's Daughter

 

"To Beatrice-so radically had her earthly part been wrought upon by Rappaccini's skill-as poison had been life, so the powerful antidote was death. And thus the poor victim of man's ingenuity and of thwarted nature, and of the fatality that attends all such efforts of perverted wisdom, perished there, at the feet of her father and Giovanni."

― Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rappaccini's Daughter

 

It was strangely frightful to the young man’s imagination to see this air of insecurity in a person cultivating a garden, that most simple and innocent of human toils, and which had been alike the joy and labour of the unfallen parents of the race. Was this garden, then, the Eden of the present world? And this man, with such a perception of harm in what his own hands caused to grow,—was he the Adam?

― Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rappaccini's Daughter

 

All the male characters in the story objectify Beatrice, transforming her into a support for their own lives. Rappaccini, for example, sees his daughter as a scientific experiment. Although she is his only daughter and his professional assistant who shares his passion for gardening, Rappaccini does not treat Beatrice as a human being with desires and interests that are independent of his own plans for her. Without her consent, he infuses her body with poisonous plants of his experiment, which means that she can take care of the most harmful plants without getting sick. However, it also means that she cannot be around other people, because her body poisons them. While Beatrice loathes her condition (she would rather have been “loved, not feared”), Giovanni treats her as an object that he can manipulate, rather than a person whose wishes he must respect.

Baglioni, likewise, thinks of Beatrice only as an accessory of Rappaccini. Although Baglioni admits that he never met Beatrice, he relies on rumours to characterize her for Giovanni, saying that she is beautiful and that she learned enough of Rappaccini's sinister science and might occupy one of the professor's chair at the university. This may seem like a complementary description of Beatrice's beauty and accomplishments, but Baglioni means that the description is ominous - after all, women have not become professors, so Baglioni is implying that something is wrong with her, just as something is wrong with her, father. Furthermore, as Beatrice is the subject of one of her father's experiments, Baglioni realizes that by manipulating Beatrice's body (to try to rid her of the poison), he can defend his own interests: he wants to ruin his professional rival Rappaccini. Therefore, Baglioni presents an antidote to Beatrice, which he instructs Giovanni to give to her without worrying whether it could be dangerous. This doctor's disrespect for Beatrice's health leads to her death, which is a success for Baglioni in terms of ruining Rappaccini's experience. Here, too, Beatrice's life is just a prop.

Giovanni's treatment of Beatrice is more complicated, as he is genuinely interested in who she is as a person, but nevertheless never comes to understand her, although she is direct about her nature. Sometimes Giovanni seems to see that Beatrice is a wonderful person who is too innocent and naive to deceive someone, but for most of the story, Giovanni struggles with doubt, wondering if she is secretly bad. These doubts are stimulated by Baglioni's sexist description of Beatrice as a fatal femme, a weapon that Rappaccini built to ruin Giovanni's life. Ultimately, Giovanni disregards his personal experience with Beatrice and gives in to her suspicions, cruelly accusing her of evil and breaking his heart.